##ciekawa_strona##
Compare Hungary (2005) - Jan Mayen (2003)
Compare Hungary (2005) z Jan Mayen (2003)
| Hungary (2005) | Jan Mayen (2003) | |
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| Administrative divisions | 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)
counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala urban counties: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg capital city: Budapest |
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| Age structure | 0-14 years: 15.8% (male 813,203/female 769,687)
15-64 years: 69.1% (male 3,405,559/female 3,511,141) 65 years and over: 15.1% (male 547,323/female 959,922) (2005 est.) |
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| Agriculture - products | wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products | - |
| Airports | 44 (2004 est.) | 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 18
over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 26
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total: 93,030 sq km
land: 92,340 sq km water: 690 sq km |
total: 373 sq km
land: 373 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Indiana | slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. | This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth. |
| Birth rate | 9.76 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) | - |
| Budget | revenues: $46.07 billion
expenditures: $51.36 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) |
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| Capital | Budapest | - |
| Climate | temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers | arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 124.1 km |
| Constitution | 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system | - |
| Country name | conventional long form: Republic of Hungary
conventional short form: Hungary local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag local short form: Magyarorszag |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jan Mayen |
| Death rate | 13.19 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) | - |
| Debt - external | $57 billion (2004 est.) | - |
| Dependency status | - | territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador George Herbert WALKER
embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest mailing address: pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270 telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400 FAX: [36] (1) 475-4764 |
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| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Andras SIMONYI
chancery: 3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730 FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York |
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| Disputes - international | in 2004, Hungary amended the status law extending special social and cultural benefits and voted down a referendum to extend dual citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living in neighboring states, which have objected to such measures; consultations continue between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary must implement the strict Schengen border rules | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $4.2 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06) | - |
| Economy - overview | Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income one-half that of the Big Four European nations. Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and acceded to the European Union in May 2004. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than $23 billion since 1989. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 and together with the Czech Republic holds the highest rating among the Central European transition economies; however, ratings agencies have expressed concerns over Hungary's unsustainable budget and current account deficits. Inflation has declined from 14% in 1998 to 7% in 2004. Unemployment has persisted around the 6% level, but Hungary's labor force participation rate of 57% is one of the lowest in the OECD. Germany is by far Hungary's largest economic partner. Policy challenges include cutting the public sector deficit to 3% of GDP by 2008, from about 5% in 2004, and orchestrating an orderly interest rate reduction without sparking capital outflows. | Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island. |
| Electricity - consumption | 35.99 billion kWh (2002) | - |
| Electricity - exports | 8.3 billion kWh (2002) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 12.6 billion kWh (2002) | - |
| Electricity - production | 34.07 billion kWh (2002) | - |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
highest point: Kekes 1,014 m |
lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m
highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m |
| Environment - current issues | the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution to meet EU requirements will require large investments | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 |
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| Ethnic groups | Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001 census) | - |
| Exchange rates | forints per US dollar - 202.75 (2004), 224.31 (2003), 257.89 (2002), 286.49 (2001), 282.18 (2000) | - |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Laszlo SOLYOM (since 5 August 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Ferenc GYURCSANY (since 29 September 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6-7 June 2005 (next to be held by June 2010); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held 29 September 2004 election results: Laszlo SOLYOM elected president by a simple majority in the third round of voting, 185 to 182; Ferenc GYURCSANY elected prime minister; result of legislative vote - 197 to 12 note: to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round |
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| Exports | 47,180 bbl/day (2001) | - |
| Exports - commodities | machinery and equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and electricity 1.6% (2003) | - |
| Exports - partners | Germany 31.4%, Austria 6.8%, France 5.7%, Italy 5.6%, UK 5.1% (2004) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | - |
| Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green | the flag of Norway is used |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 3.3%
industry: 31.4% services: 65.3% (2004 est.) |
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| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $14,900 (2004 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3.9% (2004 est.) | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 47 00 N, 20 00 E | 71 00 N, 8 00 W |
| Geography - note | landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions | barren volcanic island with some moss and grass |
| Heliports | 5 (2004 est.) | - |
| Highways | total: 159,568 km
paved: 70,050 km (including 533 km of expressways) unpaved: 89,518 km (2002) |
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| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 20.5% (1998) |
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| Illicit drugs | transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking | - |
| Imports | 136,600 bbl/day (2001) | - |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0% (2003) | - |
| Imports - partners | Germany 29.2%, Austria 8.3%, Russia 5.7%, Italy 5.5%, Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.8%, France 4.7% (2004) | - |
| Independence | 1001 (unification by King Stephen I) | - |
| Industrial production growth rate | 9.6% (2004 est.) | - |
| Industries | mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles | - |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 8.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
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| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 7% (2004 est.) | - |
| International organization participation | Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU (new member), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC | - |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 13 (Jan Mayen and Svalbard) (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 2,100 sq km (1998 est.) | 0 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms) | - |
| Labor force | 4.17 million (2004 est.) | - |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 6.2%, industry 27.1%, services 66.7% (2002) | - |
| Land boundaries | total: 2,171 km
border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 50.09%
permanent crops: 2.06% other: 47.85% (2001) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census) | - |
| Legal system | rule of law based on Western model | the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 7 and 21 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - Fidesz/MDF 48.70%, MSzP 46.11%, SzDSz 4.92%, other 0.27%; seats by party - Fidesz 164, MSzP 178, MDF 24, SzDSz 20 |
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| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 72.4 years
male: 68.18 years female: 76.89 years (2005 est.) |
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| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.4% male: 99.5% female: 99.3% (2003 est.) |
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| Location | Central Europe, northwest of Romania | Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland |
| Map references | Europe | Arctic Region |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | contiguous zone: 10 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 4 NM |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Norway |
| Military branches | Ground Forces, Air Forces | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $1.08 billion (2002 est.) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1.75% (2002 est.) | - |
| National holiday | Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August | - |
| Nationality | noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian |
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| Natural hazards | - | dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970 |
| Natural resources | bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land | none |
| Net migration rate | 0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) | - |
| Pipelines | gas 4,397 km; oil 990 km; refined products 335 km (2004) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE]; Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman] | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | - |
| Population | 10,006,835 (July 2005 est.) | no indigenous inhabitants
note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 8.6% (1993 est.) | - |
| Population growth rate | -0.26% (2005 est.) | - |
| Ports and harbors | Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs (2003) | none; offshore anchorage only |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998) | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998) |
| Railways | total: 7,937 km
broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 7,682 km 1.435-m gauge (2,628 km electrified) narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge (2004) |
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| Religions | Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census) | - |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
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| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment: the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service
domestic: the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals |
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| Telephones - main lines in use | 3,666,400 (2002) | - |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 6,862,800 (2002) | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995) | - |
| Terrain | mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border | volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers |
| Total fertility rate | 1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.) | - |
| Unemployment rate | 5.9% (2004 est.) | - |
| Waterways | 1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2004) | none |
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